It is shown that, if the upstream and downstream firms play two-stage dynamic game, the contract is not a perfect Nash equilibrium.
研究表明：如果上、下游企业进行两阶段动态博弈，该契约不会是一个子博弈精炼纳什均衡。
In two cases that upstream and downstream firms have the decision power of intermediate product prices in a two-level supply chain, the dynamic pricing mechanism of intermediate products is studied.
在两级供应链上下游企业分别具有中间产品价格决定权的情况下，研究了中间产品动态定价机理。
Other firms are looking beyond directly blocking VEGF, and are using RNA interference to target other molecules in its signalling pathway, either upstream or downstream.
其它公司不仅仅在考虑直接阻断VEGF，而是尝试通过RNA干扰来瞄准其信号路径中的其它分子，上行或者下行均可。
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